2.6.25-rc5-git7

 Documentation

diff --git a/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt b/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt
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-How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode
------------------------------------------------
-
-Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk)
-Date created: January 2, 2004
-Last modified: December 06, 2004
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up,
-to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant
-power savings.
-
-Contents
---------
-
-* Introduction
-* Installation
-* Caveats
-* The Details
-* Tips & Tricks
-* Control script
-* ACPI integration
-* Monitoring tool
-
-
-Installation
-------------
-
-To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options
-or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and
-laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For
-your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at:
-
-http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/
-
-To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is
-located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in
-/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems.
-
-Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for
-laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop
-mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to
-stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now
-has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.)
-
-
-Caveats
--------
-
-* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10
-  minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI
-  scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out,
-  so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life.
-
-* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown
-  cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet).
-  Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you
-  don't need to.
-
-* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then
-  the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set
-  DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the
-  wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab.
-
-* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then
-  the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting.
-  You must list the filesystems with their true type instead.
-
-* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access
-  times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and
-  experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option
-  DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file.
-
-
-The Details
------------
-
-Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is
-present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any
-configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might
-have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The
-result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up
-anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written
-immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode
-knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush
-is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to
-0 disables laptop mode.
-
-To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode
-control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in
-/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are
-dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also
-changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages
-is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for
-ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script),
-this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which
-occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by
-a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity.
-
-If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can
-gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag
-is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and
-all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk
-needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of
-block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using
-"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes
-kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise
-the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not
-normally there.
-
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on
-Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It
-contains the following options:
-
-MAX_AGE:
-
-Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
-
-MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
-
-Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of
-battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes.
-
-AC_HD/BATT_HD:
-
-The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode
-is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are
-20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD  and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The
-possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the
-"-S" option.
-
-HD:
-
-The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode.
-Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space.
-
-READAHEAD:
-
-Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large
-readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are
-loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
-(MP3s).
-
-DO_REMOUNTS:
-
-The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
-with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
-feature is disabled.
-
-DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:
-
-When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option?
-Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require
-access time recording.
-
-DIRTY_RATIO:
-
-The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
-before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to
-the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl.
-
-DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:
-
-The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
-after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set
-this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
-sysctl.
-
-Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different
-when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive,
-dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts
-start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts
-are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback
-is done when dirty_ratio is reached.
-
-DO_CPU:
-
-Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
-See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.)
-
-CPU_MAXFREQ:
-
-When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal
-values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at,
-or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies.
-
-
-Tips & Tricks
--------------
-
-* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top
-  of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1).
-
-* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead
-  to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at
-  once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek
-  Kania.)
-
-* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number
-  of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen
-  this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that
-  might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users."
-
-* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the
-  file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't
-  spin down, this is a likely culprit.
-
-* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd
-  (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode
-  from doing its thing.
-
-* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB
-  memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though
-  that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse
-  may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling
-  filesystems on flash memory sticks.)
-
-
-Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts
--------------------------------------------------------
-
-This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external
-configuration file
-
-It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
-/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes.
-
---------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
-# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
-#MAX_AGE=600
-
-# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery
-# that you have left goes below this threshold.
-MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10
-
-# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG
-# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk
-# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is
-# playing.
-#READAHEAD=4096
-
-# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
-#DO_REMOUNTS=1
-
-# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
-#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1
-
-# Dirty synchronous ratio.  At this percentage of dirty pages the process
-# which
-# calls write() does its own writeback
-#DIRTY_RATIO=40
-
-#
-# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent.  Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
-# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
-# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio.  Set this nice and low, so once
-# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
-#
-#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5
-
-# kernel default dirty buffer age
-#DEF_AGE=30
-#DEF_UPDATE=5
-#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10
-#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40
-#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15
-#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30
-#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1
-
-# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
-# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
-# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still
-# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for
-# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't
-# need to change this on 2.6.
-#XFS_HZ=100
-
-# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery?
-# Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
-# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
-#DO_CPU=0
-
-# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should
-# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your
-# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in:
-# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies
-# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1.
-#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest
-
-# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option)
-# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4).
-#AC_HD=244
-#BATT_HD=4
-
-# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space,
-# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb".
-#HD="/dev/hda"
-
-# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive?
-#DO_HD=1
-
---------------------CONFIG FILE END---------------------------------------------
-
-
-Control script
---------------
-
-Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks
-to Kiko Piris).
-
---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN----------------------------------------
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when
-# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop
-#
-# install as /sbin/laptop_mode
-#
-# Contributors to this script:   Kiko Piris
-#             Bart Samwel
-#             Micha Feigin
-#             Andrew Morton
-#             Herve Eychenne
-#             Dax Kelson
-#
-# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe
-
-#############################################################################
-
-# Source config
-if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
-   # Debian
-   . /etc/default/laptop-mode
-elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
-   # Others
-        . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
-fi
-
-# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete
-# set defaults instead:
-
-# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
-MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
-
-# Read-ahead, in kilobytes
-READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'}
-
-# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
-DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'}
-
-# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
-DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'}
-
-# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive?
-DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'}
-
-# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive?
-HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}"
-
-# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values)
-AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'}
-BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'}
-
-# Dirty synchronous ratio.  At this percentage of dirty pages the process which
-# calls write() does its own writeback
-DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
-
-# cpu frequency scaling
-# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
-DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'}
-CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'}
-
-#
-# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent.  Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
-# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
-# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio.  Set this nice and low, so once
-# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
-#
-DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'}
-
-# kernel default dirty buffer age
-DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'}
-DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'}
-DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'}
-DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
-DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'}
-DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'}
-DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'}
-
-# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
-# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
-# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs
-# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external
-# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to
-# change this on 2.6.
-XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'}
-
-#############################################################################
-
-KLEVEL="$(uname -r |
-             {
-          IFS='.' read a b c
-          echo $a.$b
-        }
-)"
-case "$KLEVEL" in
-   "2.4"|"2.6")
-      ;;
-   *)
-      echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2
-      exit 1
-      ;;
-esac
-
-if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
-   echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2
-   exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
-   echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2
-   exit 1
-fi
-
-# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from
-# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters).
-parse_mount_opts () {
-   OPT="$1"
-   shift
-   echo ",$*," | sed      \
-    -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g'   \
-    -e 's/,,*/,/g'         \
-    -e 's/^,//'         \
-    -e 's/,$//'
-}
-
-# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from
-# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters).
-parse_nonumber_mount_opts () {
-   OPT="$1"
-   shift
-   echo ",$*," | sed      \
-    -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g'      \
-    -e 's/,,*/,/g'         \
-    -e 's/^,//'         \
-    -e 's/,$//'
-}
-
-# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in
-# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
-# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
-# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default
-# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string.
-#
-# Example:
-# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime
-#
-# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result
-# will be "defaults,atime".
-parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () {
-   L_DEV="$1"
-   OPT="$2"
-   DEF_OPT="$3"
-   shift 3
-   L_OPTS="$*"
-   PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
-   PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)"
-   # Watch for a default atime in fstab
-   FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
-   if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
-      # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it
-      if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
-         echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT"
-      else
-         # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT.
-         echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT"
-      fi
-   else
-      # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default.
-      echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT"
-   fi
-}
-
-# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in
-# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
-# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
-# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The
-# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement
-# must be done.
-#
-# Example:
-# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7
-#
-# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the
-# result will be "rw,commit=3".
-parse_mount_opts_wfstab () {
-   L_DEV="$1"
-   OPT="$2"
-   shift 2
-   L_OPTS="$*"
-   PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
-   # Watch for a default commit in fstab
-   FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
-   if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then
-      # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it
-      echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT="
-      echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \
-       -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//'   \
-       -e 's/,.*//'
-   else
-      # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0
-      echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0"
-   fi
-}
-
-deduce_fstype () {
-   MP="$1"
-   # My root filesystem unfortunately has
-   # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter
-   # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab.
-   cat /etc/fstab |
-   grep -v '^#' |
-   while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do
-      if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then
-         echo $FSTAB_FST
-         exit 0
-      fi
-   done
-}
-
-if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then
-   NOATIME_OPT=",noatime"
-fi
-
-case "$1" in
-   start)
-      AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE))
-      XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE))
-      echo -n "Starting laptop_mode"
-
-      if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then
-         # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.)
-         # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when
-         # laptop mode is enabled.
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
-      elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
-         # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.)
-         # The same goes for these.
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
-      elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then
-         # (2.6.6)
-         # But not for these -- they are also used in normal
-         # operation.
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
-         echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
-      elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
-         # (2.6.7 upwards)
-         # And not for these either. These are in centisecs,
-         # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE.
-         echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
-         echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
-         echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
-      fi
-
-      case "$KLEVEL" in
-         "2.4")
-            echo 1               > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
-            echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0"   > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
-            ;;
-         "2.6")
-            echo 5               > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
-            echo "$AGE"            > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
-            echo "$AGE"            > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
-            echo "$DIRTY_RATIO"         > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
-            echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO"      > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
-            ;;
-      esac
-      if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then
-         cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
-            PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")"
-            if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
-               FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
-            fi
-            case "$FST" in
-               "ext3"|"reiserfs")
-                  PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")"
-                  mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT
-                  ;;
-               "xfs")
-                  mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT
-                  ;;
-            esac
-            if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
-               blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV
-            fi
-         done
-      fi
-      if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
-         for THISHD in $HD ; do
-            /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
-            /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
-         done
-      fi
-      if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
-         if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then
-            CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq`
-         fi
-         echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
-      fi
-      echo "."
-      ;;
-   stop)
-      U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE))
-      B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE))
-      echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode"
-      echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
-      if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
-         # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*.
-         echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER))       > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
-         echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL))    > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
-      elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
-         # These need to be restored as well.
-         echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER))   > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
-         echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL))   > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
-         echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL))   > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
-      fi
-      case "$KLEVEL" in
-         "2.4")
-            echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0"   > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
-            ;;
-         "2.6")
-            echo "$U_AGE"            > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
-            echo "$B_AGE"            > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
-            echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO"         > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
-            echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO"   > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
-            ;;
-      esac
-      if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then
-         cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
-            # Reset commit and atime options to defaults.
-            if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
-               FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
-            fi
-            case "$FST" in
-               "ext3"|"reiserfs")
-                  PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)"
-                  PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)"
-                  mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
-                  ;;
-               "xfs")
-                  PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)"
-                  mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
-                  ;;
-            esac
-            if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
-               blockdev --setra 256 $DEV
-            fi
-         done
-      fi
-      if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
-         for THISHD in $HD ; do
-            /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
-            /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
-         done
-      fi
-      if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
-         echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_fre+
q
-      fi
-      echo "."
-      ;;
-   *)
-      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1
-      exit 1
-      ;;
-
-esac
-
-exit 0
---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------
-
-
-ACPI integration
-----------------
-
-Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
-kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
-automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
-written by Jan Topinski.
-
------------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
-event=ac_adapter
-action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e
-----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END---------------------------------
-
-
------------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN---------------------------------
-event=battery.*
-action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e
-----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------
-
-
-----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN-----------------------------------
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# ac on/offline event handler
-
-status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state`
-
-case $status in
-        "on-line")
-                /sbin/laptop_mode stop
-                exit 0
-        ;;
-        "off-line")
-                /sbin/laptop_mode start
-                exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END--------------------------
-
-
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN-------------------
-#! /bin/bash
-
-# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out.
-
-BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state
-
-if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]]
-then
-   LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode`
-   if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]]
-   then
-     if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]]
-     then
-        # Source the config file only now that we know we need
-        if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
-                # Debian
-                . /etc/default/laptop-mode
-        elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
-                # Others
-                . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
-        fi
-        MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'}
-
-        ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`"
-        if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]]
-        then
-           PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed  "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
-           REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed  "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
-        fi
-        if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES))
-        then
-           /sbin/laptop_mode stop
-        fi
-     else
-       logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss +
of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BAT+
T_INFO to the correct path."
-     fi
-   fi
-fi
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END--------------------
-
-
-Monitoring tool
----------------
-
-Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk
-spends spun up/down.
-
----------------------------dslm.c BEGIN-----------------------------------------
-/*
- * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor
- *  by Bartek Kania
- * Licenced under the GPL
- */
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <linux/hdreg.h>
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define D(x) x
-#else
-#define D(x)
-#endif
-
-int endit = 0;
-
-/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode
- * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm.
- * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */
-int check_powermode(int fd)
-{
-    unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0};
-    int state;
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)
-   && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */
-   && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) {
-   if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) {
-       state = -1; /* "unknown"; */
-   } else
-       state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */
-    } else {
-   state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0;
-    }
-    D(printf(" drive state is:  %d\n", state));
-
-    return state;
-}
-
-char *state_name(int i)
-{
-    if (i == -1) return "unknown";
-    if (i == 0) return "sleeping";
-    if (i == 1) return "active";
-
-    return "internal error";
-}
-
-char *myctime(time_t time)
-{
-    char *ts = ctime(&time);
-    ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0;
-
-    return ts;
-}
-
-void measure(int fd)
-{
-    time_t start_time;
-    int last_state;
-    time_t last_time;
-    int curr_state;
-    time_t curr_time = 0;
-    time_t time_diff;
-    time_t active_time = 0;
-    time_t sleep_time = 0;
-    time_t unknown_time = 0;
-    time_t total_time = 0;
-    int changes = 0;
-    float tmp;
-
-    printf("Starting measurements\n");
-
-    last_state = check_powermode(fd);
-    start_time = last_time = time(0);
-    printf("  System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state));
-
-    while(!endit) {
-   sleep(1);
-   curr_state = check_powermode(fd);
-
-   if (curr_state != last_state || endit) {
-       changes++;
-       curr_time = time(0);
-       time_diff = curr_time - last_time;
-
-       if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff;
-       else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff;
-       else unknown_time += time_diff;
-
-       last_state = curr_state;
-       last_time = curr_time;
-
-       printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time),
-         state_name(curr_state));
-   }
-    }
-    changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */
-
-    total_time = time(0) - start_time;
-    printf("\nTotal running time:  %lus\n", curr_time - start_time);
-    printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes);
-
-    tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100;
-    printf(" Time in sleep state:   %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp);
-    tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100;
-    printf(" Time in active state:  %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp);
-    tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100;
-    printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp);
-}
-
-void ender(int s)
-{
-    endit = 1;
-}
-
-void usage()
-{
-    puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>");
-    exit(0);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    int fd;
-    char *disk = 0;
-    int settle_time = 60;
-
-    /* Parse the simple command-line */
-    if (argc == 2)
-   disk = argv[1];
-    else if (argc == 4) {
-   settle_time = atoi(argv[2]);
-   disk = argv[3];
-    } else
-   usage();
-
-    if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) {
-   printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno));
-   exit(-1);
-    }
-
-    if (settle_time) {
-   printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to "
-          "'normal'\n", settle_time);
-   sleep(settle_time);
-    } else
-   puts("Not waiting for system to settle down");
-
-    signal(SIGINT, ender);
-
-    measure(fd);
-
-    close(fd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
----------------------------dslm.c END-------------------------------------------