| Change log for patch v2.5.46 |
|---|
Summary of changes from v2.5.45 to v2.5.46
============================================
<drow@nevyn.them.org>
Factor out common ptrace code and PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
Support PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD on all platforms
<drow@nevyn.them.org>
Add CLONE_UNTRACED to the flags forced by kernel_thread
<drow@nevyn.them.org>
Add new ptrace event tracing mechanism
<ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
[PATCH] alpha ISA dma and MAX_DMA_ADDRESS
Thanks David Miller, Jay Estabrook and Richard Henderson for
reviewing the patch and for corrections.
Description:
The ISA dma falls into 2 classes.
1. True busmastering (aka DMA_MODE_CASCADE) when the ISA device
generate bus addresses by itself. Obviously, such devices are
limited to lower 16 Mb as there are only 24 address lines on
the ISA bus. Drivers for these devices pass NULL pdev
argument to pci mapping functions, and we must always use
dma_mask = 0x00ffffff in this case.
2. ISA devices using i8237 DMA controller functionality:
floppy, all soundcards (AFAIK) and a lot of other cheap ISA cards.
In this case actual device doing DMA is a PCI-to-ISA bridge.
Quite a few of ISA bridges can do 32-bit DMA (using "high page"
extensions), and alpha traditionally uses this.
I propose the following:
introduce 'struct pci_dev *isa_bridge' global variable; this
will be pointer to either real bridge device found by pci
probing code, or a fake device in special cases (like jensen running
generic kernel). isa_bridge->dma_mask will be set depending on DMA
capabilities of particular bridge (either using generic quirk list or
in an arch specific manner).
This would allow devices like floppy and audio utilize 32-bit DMA
just by replacing 'NULL' with 'isa_bridge' in the pci mapping calls.
Also, this helps to resolve ISA dma vs. MAX_DMA_ADDRESS mess on alpha.
Setting MAX_DMA_ADDRESS depending on the number of address lines
on the ISA bridge became bogus since early 2.4 when we started to
use the SG windows. Basically, if we have a working iommu, we don't
have any dma limitations. All we need is a correct dma_mask to choose
proper dma window.
OTOH, there are 'iommuless' alphas (rx164, nautilus, possibly early
miata) which need to have 16 Mb GFP_DMA zone (just like i386) even
if their ISA bridge is 32-bit.
Proposed changes:
- rename all XXX_MAX_DMA_ADDRESS to XXX_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS;
alpha_mv.max_dma_address - ditto (it's about 90% of the patch);
- ISA bridge on nautilus does support 32-bit dma;
- MAX_DMA_ADDRESS is 16 Mb if there is no iommu, ~0UL (unlimited)
otherwise;
- if needed, fall back to GFP_DMA allocations in
pci_alloc_consistent();
- pci_dma_supported() also returns success if GFP_DMA is helpful;
- isa_bridge stuff. Used only by floppy as yet.
Ivan.
<rth@are.twiddle.net>
Fix fallout from oprofile patches.
<marcel@holtmann.org>
[PATCH] Don't use typedefs for non opaque HCI objects
This patch is needed to let the PC Card drivers compile and work with
the HCI typedef changes.
<marcel@holtmann.org>
[PATCH] Module description cleanup
This patch modifies the module description and make it common with the
rest of the Bluetooth subsystem.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Fix init section naming
2.5.44 changed .text.init to .init.text (and other similar section
names). This cset fixes the ARM parts to work with the new names.
<stevef@smfhome1.austin.rr.com>
Fix locking of global smb list. Add missing rc checks.
<maxk@qualcomm.com>
Initialize hw broadcast so that BNEP multicast filter can be
properly initialized.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Fix ARM IRQ probe code
- Add semaphore to prevent simultaneous probe_irq_on() callers.
- Add probe_irq_mask() for yenta.c
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Fix another usage of the now defunct 'tick'
<maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cleanup Bluetooth kernel messages.
Info messages now prefixed with "Bluetooth:".
<maxk@qualcomm.com>
Bluetooth HCI UART driver fixes
- Don't call tx wakeup if uart protocol is not set.
<drow@nevyn.them.org>
Define CLONE_UNTRACED in more architecture files and correct PA typo
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Add kallsyms support for ARM
This cset adds support for kallsyms for the ARM kernel, and ensures
that we have a reliable function prolog for backtracing.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Only decend into mach-* if $(MACHINE) is defined.
Recent kbuild changes means that make clean fails on ARM because we
try to decend into "arch/arm/mach-" which doesn't exist. This cset
fixes this by excluding this directory from core-y if $(MACHINE) is
undefined.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Fix up some ARM PCI handling
- Make pci resource fixup functions __devinit rather than __init
- Make pcibios_align_resource() always align to the requested
alignment in addition to the IO alignment rule.
- Always enable memory and IO regions when enabling a bridge device.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Make ARMv5 architecture select ARMv4 rather than ARMv3 IO.
The selection of v3 or v4 IO string functions was dependent on
CONFIG_CPU_32v4, which meant that ARMv5 CPUs selected the v3 versions.
Make v5 CPUs select v4 versions.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Miscellaneous fixes
- Adjust PCI minimum offsets for footbridge architectures
- Remove unnecessary <linux/config.h>
- Add comment about {in,out}[bwl]
- Remove obsolete 6th "flags" parameter to pci_pool_create
<davidm@tiger.hpl.hp.com>
ia64: Hook up sys_lookup_dcookie().
<shaggy@shaggy.austin.ibm.com>
JFS: forced metadata pages were not being flushed to disk
txForce() was not doing what it was supposed to do. Setting the META_sync
flag in the metapage will force the page to disk when the metapage is
released.
These pages must be written to disk to ensure that replaying the log will
correctly update the inode map.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Re-work L1 pagetable bit handling.
Remove run-time special casing of L1 page table permissions/cache/
control bits; instead set up the bits once at boot time.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Replace __backtrace() with dump_stack().
<rth@vsop.sfbay.redhat.com>
Fill in siginfo_t.
<rth@vsop.sfbay.redhat.com>
Update clone syscall for TID and TLS arguments.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: convert devices to use kobjects and sysfs.
- Define a device subsystem and register it on startup.
- Fill it in with fields converted from driverfs-style fields.
- Convert device_{create,remove}_file() to create files in sysfs.
- Add default device attributes to device subsystem.
- Make sure devices get proper kobject familial pointers and that the kobjects
are registered.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: convert bus drivers to use kobjects and sysfs.
- create bus subsystem and register on start up.
- add struct subsystem to struct bus type to get it in the object hierarchy.
- add device and driver subsystems to struct bus type to give it hierarchy
like it previously had.
- convert bus show()/store() callbacks to know about struct kobject.
- convert bus file creation/removal to use struct kobject.
- create symlinks from to device directories, like they had in driverfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: convert drivers to use kobject and sysfs.
- add kobject to struct device_driver and register it when drivers are registered
(as member's of their bus's driver subsystem).
- convert driverfs callbacks to know about struct kobject.
- create links from drivers' directories to devices' directories.
- don't even make driverfs directories for drivers anymore.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Default mount options from superblock for ext2/3 filesystems
This patch adds support for default mount options to be stored in the
superblock, so they don't have to be specified on the mount command line
(or in /etc/fstab). While I was in the code, I also cleaned up the
handling of how mount options are processed in the ext2 and ext3
filesystems.
Most mount options are now processed *after* the superblock has been
read in. This allows for a much cleaner handling of those default mount
option parameters that were already stored in the superblock: the
resuid, resgid, and s_errors fields were handled using some fairly gross
special cases. Now the only mount option which is processed first is
the sb option, which specifies the location of the superblock. This
allows the handling of all of the default mount parameters to be much
more cleanly and more generally handled.
This does change the behaviour from earlier kernels, in that if the sb
mount option is specified, it must be specified *first*. However, this
option is rarely used, and if it is, it generally is specified first, so
this seems to be a reasonable restriction.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Ext2/3 forward compatibility: on-line resizing
This patch allows forward compatibility with future filesystems which
are dynamically grown by using an alternate algorithm for storing the
block group descriptors. It's also a bit more efficient, in that it
uses just a little bit less disk space. Currently, the ext2 filesystem
format requires either relocating the inode table, or reserving space in
before doing the on-line resize. The new scheme, which is documented in
"Planned Extensions to the Ext2/3 Filesystem", by Stephen Tweedie and I
(see: http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/extensions-ext23)
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Ext2/3 forward compatibility: inode size
This patch allows filesystems with expanded inodes to be mounted.
(compatibility feature flags will be used to control whether or not the
filesystem should be mounted in case the new inode fields will result in
compatibility issues). This allows for future compatibility with newer
versions of ext2fs.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of the 0.8.50 xattr-mbcache patch to 2.5. (Shrinker API, hch cleanups)
(now uses struct block_device * to index devices, and uses hash.h for hash function)
This patch creates a meta block cache which is utilized by the ext3 and
ext2 extended attribute patch (patches 2 and 3, respectively). This
cache allows directory blocks to be indexed by multiple keys. In the
case of the extended attribute patches, it is used to look up blocks by
both the block number and by the hash of the extended attributes. This
is extremely important to allow the sharing of acl's when stored as
extended attributes. Otherwise every single file would require its own,
separate, one block overhead to store then ACL, even though there might
be a large number of files that have the same ACL.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of (bugfixed) 0.8.50 xattr-ext3 to 2.5 (w/ hch cleanups. mbcache API)
This patch adds extended attribute support to the ext3 filesystem. This
uses the generic extended attribute patch which was developed by Andreas
Gruenbacher and the XFS team. As a result, the user space utilities
which work for XFS will also work with these patches.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of (bugfixed) 0.8.50 xattr-ext2 to 2.5 (w/ hch cleanups. mbcache API)
This patch adds extended attribute support to the ext2 filesystem. This
uses the generic extended attribute patch which was developed by Andreas
Gruenbacher and the XFS team. As a result, the user space utilities
which work for XFS will also work with these patches.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of 0.8.50 acl patch to 2.5
This patch (as well as the following two) implements core ACL support.
This set of convenience functions is used by the ext2/3 filesystem,
and may be useful to other filesystems that wish to use "struct posix_acl"
as their internal representation of acl's. User mode tools which
support this interface may be found at http://acl.bestbits.at
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of 0.8.50 acl-ms-posixacl patch to 2.5
This patch (as well as the previous one) implements core ACL support
which is needed for XFS as well as ext2/3 ACL support. It causes umask
handling to be skilled for inodes that contain POSIX acl's, so that the
original mode information can be passed down to the low-level fs code,
which will take care of handling the umask.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port 0.8.50 acl-xattr patch to 2.5 (harmonize header file with SGI/XFS)
This patch provides converts extended attributes passed in from user
space to a generic Posix ACL representation.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of (bugfixed) 0.8.50 acl-ext3 to 2.5.
This patch adds ACL support to the ext3 filesystem.
<tytso@snap.thunk.org>
Port of (bugfixed) 0.8.50 acl-ext2 to 2.5
This patch adds ACL support to the ext2 filesystem.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: convert device classes to use struct kobject and sysfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: convert interfaces to use kobject and sysfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: remove remaining driverfs glue.
<mochel@osdl.org>
convert block devices and partitions to use kobject & sysfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
convert do_mounts.c to use sysfs instead of driverfs.
Also, update path to look for devices in to reflect placement of block
subsystem at top level.
<zippel@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] check QT only if needed
On Wed, 30 Oct 2002, Aaron Lehmann wrote:
>
> Now running 'make oldconfig' or 'make menuconfig' requires a Qt
> installation. I believe that this is a bug because these still work
> fine without Qt when the -k flag is passed to make.
Yes, it's a bug. This fixes it without breaking xconfig.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] hugetlbpages: factor out some code for hugetlbfs
In order for hugetlbfs to operate, prefaulting the vma at mmap()-time
while simultaneously instantiating and performing lookups on its
ratcache entries is needed as an isolated operation. This is
implemented as part of a different function within hugetlbpage.c that
ties it to inode and key lookup and allocation.
The following patch simply moves the code already present into its own
function, calls it, and makes it available for hugetlbfs to use.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] Move hugetlb declarations into their own header
From Bill Irwin
Move hugetlb and hugetlbfs declarations into a dedicated header file.
Hugetlb's big #ifdeffed block in mm.h got a lot bigger with hugetlbfs.
This patch basically attempts to remove the noise from mm.h by simply
rearranging it into a new header, and fixing all users of hugetlb.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] hugetlb fixes andhugetlb fixes and cleanups cleanups
huge_page_release() -- hugepage refcounting
free_huge_page() -- separates freeing from inode refcounting
unmap_hugepage_range() -- unmapping refcounting hook when locked
zap_hugepage_range() -- unmappping refcounting hook when unlocked
export setattr_mask() -- hugetlbfs wants to call it
export destroy_inode() -- hugetlbfs wants to use it
export unmap_vma() -- hugetlbpage.c wants to use it
unlock_page() in hugetlbpage.c -- fixes deadlock in hugetlbfs_truncate()
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] fix hugetlb thinko
It's setting the page count on the wrong page.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] hugetlbfs file system
From Bill Irwin
Tiny hugetlbpage ram-backed filesystem.
Some way to export hugetlbfs through more standard system call
interfaces was needed, and hugetlbfs already had inodes with ratnodes
etc. used to track offset -> page translations, so adding the rest of
a filesystem around it was easy and natural. Most of it is identical
to ramfs, except ->f_op->mmap() is now just a wrapper around the
hugetlb_prefault() to fill in the VMA, and to simplify it,
->readpage(), ->prepare_write(), and ->commit_write() are omitted.
Permissions:
(1) check capable(CAP_IPC_LOCK) in ->f_ops->mmap
This may be redundant but it errors out with less state to
clean up and at least clarifies the fact that checks are
being performed at the relevant entry points.
(2) check capable(CAP_IPC_LOCK) in hugetlbfs_zero_setup()
This is called at shmget() time and is an actual potential
security hole. hugetlb_prefault() does not perform this
check itself, so it must be done here.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] hugetlbfs backing for SYSV shared memory
From Bill Irwin
Optionally back priviled processes' shm with hugetlbfs.
One of the more common requests for and/or users of hugetlb interfaces
in general are databases using shm. This patch exports functionality
mostly equivalent to tmpfs, adds the calling sequence to ipc/shm.c, and
hashes out a small support function in fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c so that shm
segments may be hugetlbpage-backed if userspace passes a flag to
shmget().
Access to this resource requires CAP_IPC_LOCK.
<levon@movementarian.org>
[PATCH] fix timer_pit.c warning
make x86_do_profile available when UP=y,LOCAL_APIC=n
<levon@movementarian.org>
[PATCH] oprofile: tiny makefile tidy
<rml@tech9.net>
[PATCH] hyper-threading info in /proc/cpuinfo
This adds hyper-threading information to /proc/cpuinfo, if relevant: the
physical processor id and the number of sibling units in this core.
The naming of the fields were debated a bit on lkml and the names below
offend the least number of people, do not break glibc, and are the same
as those in 2.4-ac.
This is in 2.4-ac, 2.5-mm, and vendor kernels from RedHat, SuSE, etc.
<rml@tech9.net>
[PATCH] decoded wchan in /proc
This implements a pre-decoded wchan in /proc using kallsyms. I.e.:
[21:23:17]rml@phantasy:~$ cat /proc/1228/wchan
wait4
Which, aside from being cool, means procps will not have to parse
Sysyem.map for each process. In fact, procps will no longer require
System.map.
If CONFIG_KALLSYMS is not enabled, /proc/#/wchan does not exist to
conserve memory. Regardless of CONFIG_KALLSYMS's value, the old wchan
field in /proc/#/stat still exists.
I have a procps patch I will merge once this is in your tree.
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] videobuf update
This updates the video-buf.c module (helper module for video buffer
management). Some memory management fixes, also some adaptions to the
final v4l2 api.
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] add v4l2 api
This adds the v4l2 API to the linux kernel.
The first, original video4linux API has a number of design bugs. They
are fixed in this new API revision. It already exists for quite some
time. Last weeks it got a number of cleanups based on the experiences
of the last years (drop stuff nobody uses, fix some inconsistencies).
We consider it being in a pretty good shape now and like to see it in
2.6.
This patch is basically the header file with all the structs and ioctls
in there. A small module with some helper functions for v4l2 drivers is
included too. Related updates (bttv, ...) will follow as separate
patches.
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] tv tuner driver update
This is a update for the tv tuner module. It makes the descriptions
more verbose and also has some minor bugfixes + cleanups.
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] bttv documentation update
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] bttv update
This updates the bttv driver. Major changes are (a) adaptions to the
final v4l2 API and (b) lots of updates in the card-specific code. There
are also various other small changes.
<kraxel@bytesex.org>
[PATCH] new v4l2 driver: saa7134
This patch adds a new device driver to the linux kernel. It is for TV
cards based on the Philips SAA7134 chip. It supports the v4l2 API and
thus depends on the v4l2 patches of the previous mails.
<jgarzik@fokker2.devel.redhat.com>
Fix alpha build.
<mochel@osdl.org>
create firmware subsystem and register it on startup.
<mochel@osdl.org>
acpi: convert to use kobjects and sysfs.
- replace driver_dir_entry in acpi_device with struct kobject.
- register acpi with firmware subsystem on startup.
- register sub-subsystem.
- put namespace hierarchy under that.
<mochel@osdl.org>
make sure block device_init() is called before part_init().
<mochel@osdl.org>
driver model: remove few remaining references to driverfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
convert edd to use kobjects and sysfs.
<mochel@osdl.org>
driverfs: die die die
<mochel@osdl.org>
turn off kobject debugging by default.
<stevef@steveft21.ltcsamba>
Merge fixes from version 0.58 of cifs vfs
<maxk@qualcomm.com>
Improved support for /proc/bluetooth
- Convert /proc/bluetoth/l2cap to seq_file
- Convert /proc/bluetoth/rfcomm to seq_file
- Convert /proc/bluetooth/sco to seq_file
- Export HCI device info via /proc/bluetooth/hci/N
<mochel@osdl.org>
kobject: don't create directory for kobject/subsystem if name is NULL.
This allows subsystems to exist the hierarchy, but not be exported via
the filesystem. This fixes a minor flaw with partitions, as partition
objects are children of block devices, though they register with the
partition subsystem. Really, the partition subsystem shouldn't have
presence in the tree at all, yet still exist.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] Orlov block allocator for ext2
This is Al's implementation of the Orlov block allocator for ext2.
At least doubles the throughput for the traverse-a-kernel-tree
test and is well tested.
I still need to do the ext3 version.
No effort has been put into tuning it at this time, so more gains
are probably possible.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] speedup heuristic for get_unmapped_area
[I was going to send shared pagetables today, but it failed in
my testing under X :( ]
the first one is an mmap inefficiency that was reported by Saurabh Desai.
The test_str02 NPTL test-utility does the following: it tests the maximum
number of threads by creating a new thread, which thread creates a new
thread itself, etc. It basically creates thousands of parallel threads,
which means thousands of thread stacks.
NPTL uses mmap() to allocate new default thread stacks - and POSIX
requires us to install a 'guard page' as well, which is done via
mprotect(PROT_NONE) on the first page of the stack. This means that tons
of NPTL threads means 2* tons of vmas per MM, all allocated in a forward
fashion starting at the virtual address of 1 GB (TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE).
Saurabh reported a slowdown after the first couple of thousands of
threads, which i can reproduce as well. The reason for this slowdown is
the get_unmapped_area() implementation, which tries to achieve the most
compact virtual memory allocation, by searching for the vma at
TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE, and then linearly searching for a hole. With thousands
of linearly allocated vmas this is an increasingly painful thing to do ...
obviously, high-performance threaded applications will create stacks
without the guard page, which triggers the anon-vma merging code so we end
up with one large vma, not tons of small vmas.
it's also possible for userspace to be smarter by setting aside a stack
space and keeping a bitmap of allocated stacks and using MAP_FIXED (this
also enables it to do the guard page not via mprotect() but by keeping the
stacks apart by 1 page - ie. half the number of vmas) - but this also
decreases flexibility.
So i think that the default behavior nevertheless makes sense as well, so
IMO we should optimize it in the kernel.
there are various solutions to this problem, none of which solve the
problem in a 100% sufficient way, so i went for the simplest approach: i
added code to cache the 'last known hole' address in mm->free_area_cache,
which is used as a hint to get_unmapped_area().
this fixed the test_str02 testcase wonderfully, thread creation
performance for this testcase is O(1) again, but this simpler solution
obviously has a number of weak spots, and the (unlikely but possible)
worst-case is quite close to the current situation. In any case, this
approach does not sacrifice the perfect VM compactness out mmap()
implementation achieves, so it's a performance optimization with no
externally visible consequences.
The most generic and still perfectly-compact VM allocation solution would
be to have a vma tree for the 'inverse virtual memory space', ie. a tree
of free virtual memory ranges, which could be searched and iterated like
the space of allocated vmas. I think we could do this by extending vmas,
but the drawback is larger vmas. This does not save us from having to scan
vmas linearly still, because the size constraint is still present, but at
least most of the anon-mmap activities are constant sized. (both malloc()
and the thread-stack allocator uses mostly fixed sizes.)
This patch contains some fixes from Dave Miller - on some architectures
it is not posible to evaluate TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE at compile-time.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] uninline some things in mm/*.c
Tuned for gcc-2.95.3:
filemap.c: 10815 -> 10046
highmem.c: 3392 -> 3104
mmap.c: 5998 -> 5854
mremap.c: 3058 -> 2802
msync.c: 1521 -> 1489
page_alloc.c: 8487 -> 8167
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] flush_dcache_page in get_user_pages()
Davem said:
"Ho hum, it is tricky :-)))
At bio_map_user() you need to see the user's most recent write to the
page if you are going "user --> device". So if "user --> device"
bio_map_user() must flush_dcache_page().
I find the write_to_vm condition confusion which is probably why I am
sitting here spelling this out :-)
At bio_unmap_user(), if we are going "device --> user" you have to
flush_dcache_page(). And actually, this flush could just as
legitimately occur at bio_map_user() time.
Therefore, the easiest thing to do is always flush_dcache_page() at
bio_map_user().
All the other cases are going to be like this, so we might as well
cut to the chase and flush_dcache_page() for all the pages inside of
get_user_pages()."
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] lru_add_active(): for starting pages on the active list
This is the first in a series of patches which tune up the 2.5
performance under heavy swap loads.
Throughput on stupid swapstormy tests is increased by 1.5x to 3x.
Still about 20% behind 2.4 with multithreaded tests. That is not
easily fixable - the virtual scan tends to apply a form of load
control: particular processes are heavily swapped out so the others can
get ahead. With 2.5 all processes make very even progress and much
more swapping is needed. It's on par with 2.4 for single-process
swapstorms.
In this patch:
The code which tries to start mapped pages out on the active list
doesn't work very well. It uses an "is it mapped into pagetables"
test. Which doesn't work for, say, swap readahead pages. They are not
mapped into pagetables when they are spilled onto the LRU.
So create a new `lru_cache_add_active()' function for deferred addition
of pages to their active list.
Also move mark_page_accessed() from filemap.c to swap.c where all
similar functions live. And teach it to not try to move pages which
are in the deferred-addition list onto the active list. That won't
work, and it's bogusly clearing PageReferenced in that case.
The deferred-addition lists are a pest. But lru_cache_add used to be
really expensive in sime workloads on some machines. Must persist.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] start anon pages on the active list (properly this time)
Use lru_cache_add_active() so ensure that pages which are, or will be
mapped into pagetables are started out on the active list.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] empty the deferred lru-addition buffers in swapin_readahead
If we're about to return to userspace after performing some swap
readahead, the pages in the deferred-addition LRU queues could stay
there for some time. So drain them after performing readahead.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] exempt swapcahe pages from "use once" handling
The kernel will presently reclaim swapcache pages as they come off the
tail of the inactive list even if they are referenced. That's the
"use-once" pagecache path and shouldn't be applied to swapcache pages.
This affects very few pages in practice because all those pages tend to
be mapped into pagetables anyway.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] strip pagecache from to-be-reaped inodes
With large highmem machines and many small cached files it is possible
to encounter ZONE_NORMAL allocation failures. This can be demonstrated
with a large number of one-byte files on a 7G machine.
All lowmem is filled with icache and all those inodes have a small
amount of highmem pagecache which makes them unfreeable.
The patch strips the pagecache from inodes as they come off the tail of
the inode_unused list.
I play tricks in there peeking at the head of the inode_unused list to
pick up the inode again after running iput(). The alternatives seemed
to involve more widespread changes.
Or running invalidate_inode_pages() under inode_lock which would be a
bad thing from a scheduling latency and lock contention point of view.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] sys_remap_file_pages
Ingo's remap_file_pages patch. Supported on ia32, x86-64, sparc
and sparc64. Others will need to update mman.h and the syscall
tables.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] tmpfs support for remap_file_pages
From Hugh
Instate Ingo's shmem_populate on top of the previous patches, now using
shmem_getpage(,,,SGP_QUICK) for the nonblocking case (its find_lock_page
may block, but rarely for long). Note install_page will need redefining
if PAGE_CACHE_SIZE departs from PAGE_SIZE; note pgoff to populate must
be in terms of PAGE_SIZE; note page_cache_release if install_page fails.
filemap_populate similarly needs page_cache_release when install_page
fails, but filemap.c not included in this patch since we started out
from 2.5.43 rather than 2.5.43-mm2: whereas patches 1-8 could go
directly to 2.5.43, this 9/9 belongs with Ingo's population work.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] use RCU for IPC locking
Patch from Mingming, Rusty, Hugh, Dipankar, me:
- It greatly reduces the lock contention by having one lock per id.
The global spinlock is removed and a spinlock is added in
kern_ipc_perm structure.
- Uses ReadCopyUpdate in grow_ary() for locking-free resizing.
- In the places where ipc_rmid() is called, delay calling ipc_free()
to RCU callbacks. This is to prevent ipc_lock() returning an invalid
pointer after ipc_rmid(). In addition, use the workqueue to enable
RCU freeing vmalloced entries.
Also some other changes:
- Remove redundant ipc_lockall/ipc_unlockall
- Now ipc_unlock() directly takes IPC ID pointer as argument, avoid
extra looking up the array.
The changes are made based on the input from Huge Dickens, Manfred
Spraul and Dipankar Sarma. In addition, Cliff White has run OSDL's
dbt1 test on a 2 way against the earlier version of this patch.
Results shows about 2-6% improvement on the average number of
transactions per second. Here is the summary of his tests:
2.5.42-mm2 2.5.42-mm2-ipclock
-----------------------------
Average over 5 runs 85.0 BT 89.8 BT
Std Deviation 5 runs 7.4 BT 1.0 BT
Average over 4 best 88.15 BT 90.2 BT
Std Deviation 4 best 2.8 BT 0.5 BT
Also, another test today from Bill Hartner:
I tested Mingming's RCU ipc lock patch using a *new* microbenchmark - semopbench.
semopbench was written to test the performance of Mingming's patch.
I also ran a 3 hour stress and it completed successfully.
Explanation of the microbenchmark is below the results.
Here is a link to the microbenchmark source.
http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/linuxperf/semopbench/semopbench.c
SUT : 8-way 700 Mhz PIII
I tested 2.5.44-mm2 and 2.5.44-mm2 + RCU ipc patch
>semopbench -g 64 -s 16 -n 16384 -r > sem.results.out
>readprofile -m /boot/System.map | sort -n +0 -r > sem.profile.out
The metric is seconds / per repetition. Lower is better.
kernel run 1 run 2
seconds seconds
================== ======= =======
2.5.44-mm2 515.1 515.4
2.5.44-mm2+rcu-ipc 46.7 46.7
With Mingming's patch, the test completes 10X faster.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] uninlining in ipc/*
Uninlines some large functions in the ipc code.
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
30226 224 192 30642 77b2 ipc/built-in.o
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
20274 224 192 20690 50d2 ipc/built-in.o
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] make kernel_stat use per-cpu infrastructure
Patch from Ravikiran G Thirumalai <kiran@in.ibm.com>
1. Break out disk stats from kernel_stat and move disk stat to blkdev.h
2. Group cpu stat in kernel_stat and make them "per_cpu" instead of
the NR_CPUS array
3. Remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(kstat) from ksyms.c (as I noticed that no module is
using kstat)
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] additional arch support for per-cpu kernel_stat
Companion to the previous patch: all the support needed for non-ia32
architectures.
<levon@movementarian.org>
[PATCH] fix sys_lookup_dcookie prototype
We need to use u64 because the future 64-bit ports can theoretically
return the same value for two different dentries, as pointed out by
Ulrich Weigand.
The patch also changes return value of the syscall to give length of
data copied, needed for valgrind support (this bit is by Philippe Elie).
Note this is not a complete fix for mixed 32/64: userspace needs to
figure out the kernel pointer size when reading from the buffer. But
that's another fix...
NOTE! any oprofile users will need to upgrade after this goes in, and
the user-space equivalent is checked into CVS. Sorry for the inconvenience
<levon@movementarian.org>
[PATCH] fix APIC errors on oprofile restore
As per comment:
restoring APIC_LVTPC can trigger an apic error because the delivery
mode and vector nr combination can be illegal. That's by design: on
power on apic lvt contain a zero vector nr which are legal only for
NMI delivery mode. So inhibit apic err before restoring lvtpc
<ldb@ldb.ods.org>
[PATCH] Clear TLS on execve
This trivial patch causes the TLS to be cleared on execve (code is in
flush_thread). This is necessary to avoid ESRCH errors when
set_thread_area is asked to choose a free TLS entry after several nested
execve's.
The LDT also has a similar problem, but it is less serious because the
LDT code doesn't scan for free entries. I'll probably send a patch to
fix this too, unless there is something important relying on this
behavior.
<agrover@groveronline.com>
ACPI:
- Clean up debug-only code
- Fix typo
- Correct walking of namespace, to prevent disappearance of processor and
thermal zone objects
- Fix button add calls to have the right handle (i.e. none)
- Prevent spurious cpufreq error
<rml@tech9.net>
[PATCH] fix UP proc.c compile warning
The hyper-threading in /proc/cpuinfo patch introduced a compile warning
under UP.
Fixed thus.
<agrover@groveronline.com>
ACPI: Ensure we don't try to sleep when we shouldn't
<davidm@tiger.hpl.hp.com>
ia64: Sync up with 2.5.45.
<efocht@ess.nec.de>
[PATCH] ia64: 2.5.44 NUMA fixups
Dear David,
please find attached two patches for the latest 2.5.44-ia64. They fix
some problems and simplify things a bit.
remove_nodeid-2.5.44.patch:
This comes from Kimi. In 2.5.44 we suddenly had two definitions for
numa_node_id(), one was IA64 specific (local_cpu_data->nodeid) while
the other one is now platform independent:
__cpu_to_node(smp_processor_id()). After some discussions we decided
to remove the nodeid from the local_cpu_data and keep the definition of
all other platforms. With using the cpu_to_node_map[] we are also
faster when doing multiple lookups, as all node ids come in a single
cache line (which is not bounced around, as it's content is only
read).
ia64_topology_fixup-2.5.44.patch:
I'm following here the latest fixup for i386 from Matthew Dobson. The
__node_to_cpu_mask() macro now accesses an array which is initialized
after the ACPI CPU discovery. It also simplifies
__node_to_first_cpu(). A compiler warning has been fixed, too.
Please apply these to your kernel tree.
<davidm@tiger.hpl.hp.com>
ia64: Update defconfig.
<shaggy@shaggy.austin.ibm.com>
JFS: add posix acls
The posix acls are implemented as extended attributes and are compatible
with ext2/ext3 posix acls.
<jgarzik@redhat.com>
Minimal initramfs support (based on Al Viro's work).
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] fix 2.5.45 initrd breakage
OK, that's my f*ckup in rd.c (not on initrd path, actually) + couple of
f*ckups from Pat (mine: forgot to bump ->bd_count in rd_open(), Pat's:
dropped reference to gendisk on del_gendisk(), resulting in use of
kfree'd object + tried to remove a symlink that didn't exit).
This fixes these. It also changes order of blkdev_put()/del_gendisk()
in initrd_release() - better safe than sorry.
It got initrd working on my boxen...
<ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
[PATCH] more alpha build fixes
- isapnp: asm/io.h is needed for inb() etc.;
- sync up with 2.5.44 vmlinux.lds changes.
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] tape_name() in osst.c
* new inlined helper: tape_name(tape)
* most of TAPE_NR() uses replaced with that animal
("osst%d ...", TAPE_NR(STp), ... -> "%s ...", tape_name(STp), ... )
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] tape_name() in st.c
* new inlined helper: tape_name(tape)
* most of TAPE_NR() uses replaced with that animal
("st%d ...", TAPE_NR(STp), ... -> "%s ...", tape_name(STp), ... )
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] file->private_data in st.c and osst.c
->open() of st and osst sets file->private_data to Scsi_Tape in
question, other methods use it (same as in sg.c)
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] osst template
Next 5 chunks prepare cleanup of scsi_get_request_dev(). Namely,
scsi_disk/scsi_cd/... get a new field - pointer to Scsi_Device_Template.
It is initialized with address of that driver's template. sr.c and sd.c
have disk->private_data pointing to that field (instead of pointing to
entire structure). osst.c, st.c and sg.c get gendisk - allocated, but
not registered (obviously) with ->private_name set in the same way. When
they set ->rq_dev, they also set ->rq_disk.
This chunk does it for osst.c
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] st template
Ditto for st.c
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] sr template
Ditto for sr.c
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] sd template
Ditto for sd.c
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] sg template
Ditto for sg.c
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] scsi_get_request_dev() cleanup
_Now_ we can clean the scsi_get_request_dev() up. Indeed, for
any SCSI request we either have ->rq_dev == NODEV and ->rq_disk == NULL
or ->rq_disk->private_data points to address of template in question.
IOW, scsi_get_request_dev() becomes simply
{
struct gendisk *p = req->rq_disk;
return p ? *(struct Scsi_Device_Template **)p->private_data : NULL;
}
and that allows to kill ->max_major, ->min_major and ->major in
Scsi_Device_Template, along with the last non-trivial use of ->rq_dev.
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] ->rq_dev in aacraid
* eliminated, since we actually wanted the name, not device number
(BTW, that had also killed calculation of name that used to duplicate sd.c
one)
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] generic uses of ->rq_dev
* uses in ll_rw_blk.c and elevator.c eliminated - ->rq_disk has
everything we need.
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] uses of ->rq_dev in printks
* killed the uses of ->rq_dev in printks - several drivers.
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] remaining uses of ->rq_dev
* in floppy drivers and ps2esdi - replaced with use of ->rq_disk;
floppy drivers already have information about "type" part of device number
- they had stored that information in floppy_open(), so all we need is a
"which drive" part. And that is available from ->rq_disk.
* DAC960: changed ->private_data initialization - instead of pointing
it to controller (which we already have as disk->queue.queuedata) we simply
store a disk number in there. That had simplified ->revalidate_disk() and
allowed to kill the use of ->rq_dev in request handler.
<viro@math.psu.edu>
[PATCH] death of ->rq_dev
RIP. It's not used anymore, so we kill assignments to it and the
field itself. That was the last serious use of kdev_t in block drivers.
<adam@nmt.edu>
[PATCH] 3ware driver update for 2.5.46, sync cache, 64-bit, etc.
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] Alpha escaped pcibios...
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] kill debug printk we dont need now
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] kill pcibios in m6k8
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] kill pcibios in m68k pci code
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] 32/64bit device mapper ioctl maps for mips64
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] kill pcibios in ppc32
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] device mapper ioctls for ppc64
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] device mapper 64/32bit ioctl maps for S/390x
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] fix warnings
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] add voyager specific extra key map
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] use longer delays on 3c509
Som boards dont seem to be in spec
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] warning fixes
These are from inl going back to 32bit
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] kill stupid search and destroy error
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] without this tulip doesn't build non modular
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] move de4x5 to new pci api
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] fix filters types on winbond 840
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] remove more tqueue.h
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] eata update from maintainer
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] restore inia100.h abort/reset
So we dont forget to actually fix the lack of error handling
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] restore missing error handlers for ncr53c8xx
Again so we dont forget to fix this
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] ditto error handling for qla1280
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] ditto for sym53c8xx
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] update the u14-34f driver to maintainer updates
(With bios changes merged)
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] make afs build with gcc 2.9x
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] add includes for voyager interrupt chip
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] header update to match m68k pci change
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] update MAINTAINERS
Update DIGI entries
Update IRDA entries
Add Voyager
Put Device mapper under D
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] make rxrpc build with gcc 2.x
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] some trident needs longer delays to power up codecs
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] fix i810 printk error
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] MAINTAINERS entries for UcLinux platforms
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] UCLinux generic memory mapped MTD driver
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] UCLINUX ethernet driver for 68360 on board ethernet
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] Kconfig and makfile goo for new net drivers
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] UCLINUX ethernet driver for Coldfire onboard 100Mbit ethernet
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] arch specific files for MMUless NEC v850 port
This is the V850 support maintained by Miles Bader at NEC
Again this is just arch and include/asm- files. It matches 2.5.45-uc1 + v850
fixes which is close to what was in my old tree (some clean up done since then)
plus Kconfig
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] add machine ident for the V850 from NEC
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] UCLINUX "flat" binary loader
This is much like the old m68k amiga/st loader world. Its a relocating
loader with optional compression. Shared libraries and A5 sharing stuff
is all handled by the userspace/libs
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] UCLINUX (forgot one) - header file for binfmt_flat
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
[PATCH] 2.5.45 UCLinux merge M680x0 mmuless arch and include/asm
This is the M68K mmuless port code maintained by Greg Ungerer and used
by Snapgear for all sorts of bits of hardware. No shared files included
in this chunk of patches. This matches 2.5.45-uc1 which is the stuff that
has been in my tree for a bit combined with Kconfig changes
<agrover@groveronline.com>
ACPI: Interpreter update to (20021101)
- Fix namespace ordering, which was causing breakage
- Enhance some error messages
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] direct-io build fix
The arg to ZERO_PAGE() doesn't get evaluated on ia32 :(
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] use bd_claim in the raw driver
Currently if you use the raw driver against /dev/hda1 while it has an
fs mounted, everything gets confused and the kernel locks up or oopses.
Al said to use bd_claim(). This prevents the raw driver from being
able to open the device under these circumstances.
There is value in being able to read the raw device while there's a
filesystem mounted: to poke around at the disk without interacting with
the kernel's caching. You can still do that, with an O_DIRECT open of
/dev/hda1.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] faster wakeups in the pipe code
Use prepare_to-wait/finish_wait to avoid bouncing the waitqueue
spinlock between the waker and the wakee all the time.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] improved space efficiency in dcache
Currently we are storing filenames which are 16-chars or less
inside struct dentry itself and then separately allocating
larger names.
But this leaves spare space in the dentry - the dentry slab cache
is using cacheline alignment. In my build, struct dentry is 112
bytes so there are at least an additional 16 bytes in there.
And the number of files which have names in the 16-32 char range
will be significant.
So Manfred's patch changes the dcache code to utilise _all_ the space
between the last member of the dentry and the start of the next cacheline.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] disable PF_MEMALLOC for interrupt allocations
If a task is running in state PF_MEMALLOC and is interrupted, the page
allocator will treat allocations by the interrupt handler as
PF_MEMALLOC as well.
Detect that, and stop it. Also tidies things up a little in there.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] ext3 build fix
Patch from Andreas Dilger <adilger@clusterfs.com>
If you have ext2_fs.h and ext3_fs.h included at the same time, we are
missing one define used in ext3_should_journal_data() and
ext3_should_order_data() as part of the test_opt() macro (which
defaults to the ext2 definition if both are present).
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] page accounting atomicity fix
The global page accounting functions are currently using "+=" against a
ulong. But this can happen at interrupt time as well, and "+=" is not
atomic against interrupt-time modification of the same word.
Change it to use local_irq_save()
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] Update/Create core files for DriverFS Topology.
From Matthew Dobson.
Update/Create core files for DriverFS Topology.
This patch creates the generic structures that are (will be) embedded in
the per-arch structures. Also creates calls to register these generic
structures (CPUs, MemBlks, & Nodes).
Note that without arch-specific structures in which to embed these
structures, and an arch-specific initialization routine, these
functions/structures remain unused.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] i386 driverfs Topology
From Matthew Dobson.
Update/Create i386 specific files for DriverFS Topology.
This patch creates the i386 specific files/functions/structures to
implement driverfs Topology. These structures have the generic
CPU/MemBlk/Node structures embedded in them.
This patch also creates the arch-specific initialization routine to
instantiate the topology.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] NUMA meminfo for driverfs Topology
From Matthew Dobson.
Create nodeX/meminfo files for DriverFS Topology.
This patch adds code to DriverFS Topology to expose per-node memory
statistics. This information is exposed via: cat nodeX/meminfo
The patch also adds 2 helper functions to gather per-node memory info.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] create memblk_online_map
From Matthew Dobson.
Create and use memblk_online_map.
This patch creates a memblk_online_map, much like cpu_online_map. It
also creates the standard helper functions, ie: memblk_online(),
num_online_memblks(), memblk_set_online(), memblk_set_offline().
This is used by driverFS topology to keep track of which memory blocks
are in the system and online.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] create node_online_map
From Matthew Dobson.
Create and use node_online_map.
This patch creates a node_online_map, much like cpu_online_map. It
also creates the standard helper functions, ie: node_online(),
num_online_nodes(), node_set_online(), node_set_offline().
This is used by driverFS topology to keep track of which Nodes
are in the system and online.
<akpm@digeo.com>
[PATCH] driverfs topology cleanup
From Matthew Dobson.
This final patch from Matthew cleans up a few leftovers which were noted
after the code had been reviewed and tested a bit in the -mm patchsets.
1) Update register_XXX and arch_register_XXX functions to return int
instead of void. Functions calling these functions should know if
they completed successfully to take appropriate further registration
action, or not bother.
2) Drop some pointless error checking in the arch_register_XXX
functions.
<jun.nakajima@intel.com>
[PATCH] fixes for building kernel 2.5.45 using Intel compiler
I like Alan's idea: IGNLABEL("HmacRxAccepted")
<johnstul@us.ibm.com>
[PATCH] linux-2.5.45_notsc-warning_A0
This is a minor cleanup that removes two instances of CONFIG_X86_TSC
(lets the compiler optimize it out), and adds a warning message should
anyone pass "notsc" to a kernel compiled w/ CONFIG_X86_TSC (which
ignores it).
This is basically a forward port of a patch I got into 2.4 a while back.
<torvalds@penguin.transmeta.com>
Make presense of old/style EH routines cause warnings, not
a compile failure.
<torvalds@penguin.transmeta.com>
Fix compile warning in slab.c
<trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
[PATCH] another kmap imbalance in 2.4.x/2.5.x RPC
We've uncovered yet another kmap imbalance in the new RPC code. This
looks like it might be the last one (my debugging printks have been
unable to unearth any more). One line fix + 4 line comment appended.
<davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
[PATCH] Clean up capabilities printing.
The machine check initialisation prints some blurb
which makes the capabilities dumping a little untidy.
By initialising it slightly later, we get something that
looks a lot better.
<davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
[PATCH] max_cpus overflow.
Without the below patch, my HT 2-way prints out
"CPUS Done 4294967295" on boot, which whilst amusing
is somewhat exaggerated.
<davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
[PATCH] Double x86 initialise fix.
For many moons, we've been executing identify_cpu()
on the boot processor twice on SMP kernels.
This is harmless, but has a few downsides..
- Extra cruft in bootlog/dmesg
- Spawns one too many timers for the mcheck handler
- possibly other wasteful things..
This seems to do the right thing here, and has been
acked (after some minor squibbles) on l-k.
<jgarzik@redhat.com>
Kill stupid bug in initramfs that prevented it from working.
(thanks to Al Viro for his patience, I owe him one)
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] 2.5.45 updates
- Convert to new configuration language and fix up HEX config symbols
- Fix build errors for !CONFIG_KALLSYMS case
- Add module list to oopsen.
- Add POLLREMOVE
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Needs <linux/smp_lock.h> for "in_atomic()" test.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Rename uart_event() to uart_write_wakeup()
uart_event() only has one purpose, which is to wake up any pending
writers via the line discipline. Rename it to reflect its real
functionality, and drop EVT_WRITE_WAKEUP.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Remove struct pci_board from init_fn
Traditionally, we allocated the private array of port parameters based on
the detected board->num_ports, and then called the init_fn with the board
pointer (which points into the global table.) Some init_fn implementations
modify num_ports, which therefore affects the global table. Unfortunately,
this means that if the init_fn increases num_ports (because we have two
almost identical cards, the first with a smaller number of ports than the
second), we will overwrite memory which hasn't been allocated to us.
This cset no longer passes the board pointer into the init_fn, but instead
allows the init_fn to return the number of ports found, or zero to use the
default value in board->num_ports, or negative error number.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Fix two incorrect uses of __FUNCTION__
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Fix up 8250 IRQ chain handling
- Unlink port from chain if request_irq fails
- Allow port to define whether we use shared IRQs
(this is required for PCMCIA serial cards where the serial
card shares the same IRQ as the socket status IRQ.)
- Convert remaining ASYNC_ flags to UPF_ flags
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Fix up formatting of serial names
The tty layer's tty_name requires formatting codes in driver->name
for the devfs and non-devfs cases.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Make ALPHA_KLUDGE_MCR more generic for bluetooth modems, etc
In addition to the Alpha OUT1/OUT2 kludge, devices like Bluetooth
modems connected to serial ports make use of the modem control lines
in non-standard ways. Therefore, we implement a more flexible way to
allow the modem control outputs to be forced to particular values
irrespective of the normal usage of these signals.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Tidy up 8250 port type detection
The original port detection code was one large function with many
tests without any clear structure.
This cset cleans this up, splitting out the tests for 8250/16450
vs 16550 vs 16550A vs later ports, and adds comments about why
we test what we're testing.
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Fix build errors and warnings
- Remove last usage of EVT_WRITE_WAKEUP
- Remove unused label + kfree()
- scratch3 now known as id3
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] Set port->type to unknown only when using autoconfig
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[SERIAL] [PARISC] add support for GSC serial
Add discovery for PA-RISC 16550 serial ports.
Patch from Matthew Wilcox.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Add a "cmd_len" parameter to the request, so that device drivers
don't have to try to figure it out for themselves.
Make ide-cd.c use it.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Remove last vestiges of ide-cd.c "struct packet_command". It's been
empty for a while now, and nothing uses it.
<tytso@mit.edu>
[PATCH] Fixup Orlov block allocator for ext2
I finally had time to look at the Orlov patches, and found a memory
leak; sbi->s_debts wasn't getting freed when the filesystem was
getting unmounted, or in the error path.
This patch also makes the following cleanups/changes:
1) Use sbi->s_debts instead of sbi->debts --- all other fields in
struct ext2_sb_info are prefixed by "s_", so this makes things
consistent.
2) Add support for a new inode flag, EXT2_TOPDIR_FL, which tells tells
the Orlov allocator to treat that directory as the top of
directory hierarchies, so that new subdirectories created in
that directory should be spread apart. System administrators
should set this flag on directories like /usr/src, /usr/home, etc.
3) Add a mount-time flag, -o oldalloc, which forces the use of the old
inode (pre-Orlov) allocator. This makes it easier to do
comparison benchmarks, and in case people want to use the old
algorithm.
<tytso@mit.edu>
[PATCH] Orlov block allocator for ext3
Here's the ext3 version.
<acme@conectiva.com.br>
[PATCH] isapnp: fix typo in isapnp_proc_done when CONFIG_PROC_FS is not set
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Set command length for the START_STOP command.
<ak@muc.de>
[PATCH] Make x86-64 compile
Quick patch to make x86-64 in 2.4.45 compile with the epoll changes.
<hch@lst.de>
[PATCH] add CONFIG_MMU and CONFIG_SWAP
Now that m68knommu and v850 are merged we need all other architectures
to define CONFIG_SWAP and CONFIG_MMU so that we can make code
conditional on it.
<hch@lst.de>
[PATCH] make swap code conditional
Make the swap code conditional on CONFIG_SWAP. This is mostly for
uClinux, but !CONFIG_SWAP compiles and boots fine for i386, too -
the only problem I've seen is that X doesn't starts, it's probably
shm-related, thus it's disabled unconditionally for "normal" arches.
The patch makes three files in mm/ conditional on CONFIG_SWAP, reorganzies
include/linux/swap.h big time to provide stubs for the !CONFIG_SWAP case,
moves the remaining /proc/swaps code to swapfile.c and cleans up some
more MM code to compile fine without CONFIG_SWAP
<hch@lst.de>
[PATCH] filemap.c bits for uClinux
Without CONFIG_MMU we don't need to stub out mmap(). Move one function
around inside filemap.c to need just one ifdef.
<hch@lst.de>
[PATCH] page_alloc.c uClinux bits
nommu ports need to set a reference on all allocated pages.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Missed <linux/init.h> in CONFIG_SWAP changes.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
BK ignore kconfig and initramfs files
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Make ide-cd.c use the request command length information.
ATAPI always pads the commands out to at least 12 bytes,
otherwise it's just the plain SCSI command set.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Move SCSI command size information into <scsi/scsi.h>, where
the commands themselves already are.
<sam@ravnborg.org>
[PATCH] kbuild: Compatible with old bash, fix help, make clean fix
kbuild fixes:
o Do not use "-" in exported symbols, bash does not support that (Matthew/Keith)
o Sort ALL_SUBDIRS, to avoid warning about duplicate target
- Happens when the same directory are specified with drivers-y
and drivers-n
o Added AWK, a few architectures actually use awk for normal compilation
o Removed distclean from make help, now that distclean and mrporper are merged
<ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
[PATCH] alpha: common ev6/ev7 machine check handler
Here is new ev6/ev7 machine check parser, which is a part of Jeff's
titan/marvel patchset.
Instead of fixing nautilus machine check handler, I've converted it
to use this new code. Works fine.
Also, the CONFIG_VERBOSE_MCHECK is good for cia/pyxis - the detailed
error reporting is completely useless unless you have faulty CPU or RAM.
Ivan.
<davidel@xmailserver.org>
[PATCH] epoll update r3
- EP_CTL_MOD drops an event if conditions events are met
- The source file eventpoll.c moved from drivers/char to fs
- Fixed a weirdness with tty's
Missing: system calls for arch != i386 ...
<rth@dot.sfbay.redhat.com>
Save and restore CIA window configuration data.
<rth@dot.sfbay.redhat.com>
New file to debug clobbers of "current".
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM] Fix various build errors in bk-cur
- Make ioremap.c compile
- Fix armv4_early_abort -> v4_early_abort
- Fix MT_MINICACHE -> MT_MINICLEAN
- Add MAP_POPULATE and MAP_NONBLOCK for ARM
- Fix last remaining usage of kstat.irqs[cpu]
- Add support for .init.initramfs section
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1300/1: more efficient irq number retrieval for PXA due to ARMv5 instructions
Patch from Nicolas Pitre
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1301/1: detection of more XScale chips
Adds detection of:
- PXA250 rev C0
- PXA210
Patch from Nicolas Pitre
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1312/1: BadgePAD 4 mach-sa1100 update.
- make compile/link in 2.5.40-rmk1
- add "five_v_on" setup argument to enable 5v0 supply rail
Patch from Christopher Hoover
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1310/1: Make SA-1100 IR compile.
Patch from Christopher Hoover
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1298/1: display various PXA250 clocks on boot for better bug diagnosis
Since it's easy to overclock that chip we'd better know why some board is
crashing randomly due to signal integrity problems.
Patch from Nicolas Pitre
<rmk@flint.arm.linux.org.uk>
[ARM PATCH] 1299/1: display various PXA250 clocks (part 2)
Patch #1298/1 will be much more useful if the code is actually called.
Patch from Nicolas Pitre
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] C99 designated initializers for include/asm-m68k/thread_info.h
C99 designated initializers for include/asm-m68k/thread_info.h (from Art Haas
<ahaas@neosoft.com>)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k speaker driver can be a modular
Since m68kspkr can be a module, we need to initialize mach_beep() for a modular
m68kspkr as well.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] m68k IP checksum fix
M68k: revive csum_partial_copy_nocheck() after csum_partial_copy() was removed
in 2.5.44 (from Roman Zippel)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k epoll
M68k epoll: add POLLREMOVE
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Fix dyslexia in Amiga keyboard driver
Fix dyslexia in Amiga keyboard driver
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k misc compile fixes
Misc compile fixes for m68k:
- missing and superfluous casts
- unused code
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k dump_stack() updates
M68k dump_stack() updates:
- Let dump_stack() call show_trace() (cfr. ia32)
- Separate show_registers() from show_stack()
- Fix for dump_stack() becoming an arch-independent routine (from 2.4.x)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k genrtc updates
Genrtc updates:
- Add genrtc wrappers
- Export mach_hwclk for modular genrtc
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] vesafb 6x11 font fix
Compile fix if fbcon-mac is used with vesafb (from 2.4.20-pre7)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k IDE lock fixes
M68k IDE lock fixes:
- Kill warning: ide_{get,release}_lock() can be real routines only if
IDE_ARCH_LOCK is defined, the same is true for ide_intr_lock
- Use the correct lock for ide_{get,release}_lock()
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] HP9000/300 I/O access fixes
HP9000/300: Replace remaining readb() and friends by in_8() and friends
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k INIT_SIGNALS() update
M68k: The INIT_SIGNALS() macro got an argument in 2.5.34
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Enable console on m68k
Enable the console if CONFIG_VT=y
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k: Fix missing/superfluous includes
M68k: Fix missing/superfluous includes
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Convert m68k cache macros to inline functions
Convert m68k cache macros to inline functions
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k ISA DMA update
M68k: Enable CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA (appeared in 2.5.31) if we have ISA only.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k: fix init_task section
M68k: fix init_task section
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k irq updates
M68k irq updates (most from Roman Zippel):
- Update m68k to new irq API in 2.5.29
- synchronize_irq() takes a parameter now
- Remove obsolete definitions
- Avoid too much inline assembly in __xchg
- Add irqs_disabled(), which appeared in 2.5.34
- Add missing implementation for in_atomic() (introduced in 2.5.35)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] m68k asm/kmap_types.h
Add asm/kmap_types.h for m68k
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k *_mksound() prototypes
Re-add lost forward declarations of arch-specific *_mksound() routines, we need
them for the m68kspkr driver.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k local_irq*() updates
Convert core Amiga code to new local_irq*() framework
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k linker file updates
2.5.44 linker file updates for m68k:
- .*.init got renamed to .init.* to allow -ffunction-sections
- discard .exit* sections like most other ports do
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k build fixes
M68k build fixes, caused by kbuild changes in 2.5.41:
- 68040 Floating Point and 68060 Integer and Floating Point Support Packages:
use cpp includes instead of gas includes
- Add `$(obj)' and `$(src)' where necessary to fix building of generated
header files
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] m68k do_fork() update
Add user_tid argument to do_fork() calls (from Roman Zippel)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Atari nvram fix
Define NVRAM_BYTES to 50 on Atari
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Export m68k_memoffset
Export m68k_memoffset
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k asm/percpu.h
Add asm/percpu.h for m68k
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Allow to disable macfb
Allow to disable macfb
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Q40/Q60 RTC update
Prepend Q40/Q60 specific RTC definitions with Q40_
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k input drivers cleanup
M68k input drivers cleanup:
- Remove remnants from the old input layer:
o Config.help entries for the Amiga and Atari mouse drivers
o Apollo keyboard code (including beep support)
o Dummy keyboard initialization, keyboard repeat, and keyboard LEDs code
for MVME147, Sun-3, Sun-3x,
o Makefile entries for Atari keyboard, mouse and joystick drivers, and
the HP300 Human Interface Loop driver
o kbd-reset kernel command line parameters
o defconfig entry for the Amiga mouse driver
o Mac ADB mouse driver glue
o Amiga and Mac ADB mouse driver minors
- Always include new input layer configuration data
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k needs WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
M68k needs WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL (from Richard Zidlicky)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k iomap cleanup
Move m68k low-level iomap definitions from asm/io.h to asm/raw_io.h, so zorro.h
and nubus.h can include raw_io.h instead of io.h (as suggested by Richard
Zidlicky)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k virt/phys fallback removal
Remove m68k fallback function for virtual/physical address conversions
(should there be any driver relying on this, that driver is seriously b0rken)
(from Roman Zippel)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] mac8390 Ethernet
The Daynaport driver was superseded by the mac8390 driver (from Ray Knight)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] IDE: kill warning
IDE: kill warning
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Amiga serial: static function
Make local function rs_read_proc() static in Amiga serial port driver (from
2.4.x).
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] contact update
Update Sam Creasey's email address
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 ioremap()
Add ioremap() support for Sun-3 and modify the Sun-3 LANCE and i82586 OBIO
Ethernet drivers to use it (from Sam Creasey)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 doc updates
Sun-3 doc updates:
- Add maintainer for Sun-3/3x
- Fix Config.help for CONFIG_SUN{3/3x}
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Mac/m68k spelling
Remove duplicate `the' in Mac/m68k interrupt handling code
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k: optimize stacked irq check
M68k: optimize stacked irq check (from Roman Zippel)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] M68k TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE
M68k: add TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE to macros __[sg]et_tsk_thread_flag (from Roman
Zippel)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 SCSI updates
Sun-3 SCSI updates (from Sam Creasey):
- compensate for upstream block layer changes
- use new Sun-3 ioremap()
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Z2ram: Add missing closing brace
Z2ram: Add missing closing brace
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 vectored interrupts
Sun-3 vectored interrupts update:
- Add define for SUN3_INT_VECS
- Let show_sun3_interrupts() report vectored ints on machines which have them
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3/3x updates
General cleanup/updating of purely sun3/3x code (from Sam Creasey)
- arch/m68k/sun3(x):
o Cleaned up prom code slightly
o Added reporting of prom revision in /proc/hardware
o Removed some warnings
- Use common idprom code for both Sun-3 and Sun-3x
- Sun-3x idprom updates
- drivers/scsi/sun3*: updated scsi drivers to reflect new struct scatterlist.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Zorro ID update
Add ElBox Computer FastATA 1200/4000/ZIV to the Zorro ID database (from
zorroutils)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Fix rwsemtrace() message
Fix rwsemtrace() message
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] m68k xtime update
Update m68k for the change of xtime from struct timeval to struct timespec,
which has a higher resolution (ns vs. us), in 2.5.35.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 VME support
Add Sun-3 VME support (by Sam Creasey):
- Added VME version of the Sun-3 NCR5380 scsi driver.
- Modified the Sun-3 dvma routines to support VME.
- Added sun3_map_test() -- uses the ex_table to trap faults on VME mappings
in order to determine if a card is present. This seems a little hackish to
be, but:
1) All changes are entirely within Sun3-only code paths,
2) netbsd, sunos, and mach all use this mechanism for VME probes anyway.
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Zorro loff_t
Zorro: trivial patch to use loff_t and not int (from Silvio Cesare
<silvio@qualys.com>)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] Sun-3 DVMA debugging
Add Sun-3 DVMA debugging code (currently disabled, from Sam Creasey)
<geert@linux-m68k.org>
[PATCH] m68k unused cruft removal
M68k: Remove obsolete cruft
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] HPUX emulation updates
Build fixes, PA64 fixes, some new hpux syscalls, VFS fixes.
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] Allocate a personality for HPUX
Some might argue that HPUX already has quite enough of a personality.
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] drivers/parisc
This huge patch moves a bunch of drivers from arch/parisc/kernel to
drivers/parisc and adds some new drivers in drivers/parisc.
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] binfmt_som
SOM is the file format used for HPUX binaries.
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] fix rd.c compilation
x86 doesn't evaluate the argument to flush_dcache_page so this compilation
problem has gone overlooked:
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] PA-RISC updates
Some misc updates:
- adapt our config.in changes to arch/parisc/Kconfig
- general Makefile updaes for the new build system
- remove asm-parisc/gsc.h in favour of asm-parisc/io.h
- Alan-approved fix for the loff_t problem
- Define POLLREMOVE like other architectures.
- irq handling updates from Grant Grundler
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] parport_gsc
Update to the latest parport_gsc in the PA tree.
<linux@brodo.de>
[PATCH] cpufreq: update HyperThreading support in p4-clockmod.c driver
This patch updates the p4-clockmod.c driver to correctly manage
HyperThreading-enabled Pentium IVs as well as those models which do
not support HyperThreading - thanks to Venkatesh Pallipadi for
explaining cpu_sibling_map to me. Additionally, an EXPORT_SYMBOL
was missing. (spotted by Marc-Christian Petersen - thanks!)
<sam@ravnborg.org>
[PATCH] docbook: *docs targets fixed, clean ok for html
Made the *docs targets work after the restructuring of the kbuild files.
Fix cleaning up after make htmldocs, there are some directories
that needs to be deleted in that case.
<sam@ravnborg.org>
[PATCH] aic7xxx: Simplified cleaning, fixed firmware build
Cleaning simplified by descending down in aicasm when cleaning.
Fixed firmware build, someone made a spelling mistakei (aix -> aic).
No longer include Rules.make.
<manfred@colorfullife.com>
[PATCH] complete the move of the LDT code into
The i386 LDT code had it's own set of arch hooks (??_segments), I've
replaced most of them with the mmu context hooks in a previous patch.
The attached patch completes that change: replace release_segments with
destroy_context.
The patch is part of the -ac kernels in 2.4. The patch breaks x86-64,
Andi Kleen promised to send you the corresponding
s/release_segments/destroy_context/ patch.
<mdharm-scsi@one-eyed-alien.net>
[PATCH] test for media-change like "popular" OSes..
This patch changes how media-change is detected to use a mechanism more
similar to what 'popular' OSes use.
The motive for this change is that more and more emulated-SCSI devices
(sbp2, usb-storage, etc) don't support START_STOP unless they need it.
Other OSes won't send a START_STOP unless the device reports NOT_READY,
indicating that it needs an explicit command to start up.
One could argue that these devices are out-of-spec, but they are so common
that they basically define the de facto spec.
Basically, any device that needs a START_STOP should still get it, but ones
that don't need it won't.
<rth@dot.sfbay.redhat.com>
Fix up Alpha for initramfs changes.
<rth@dot.sfbay.redhat.com>
Misc Alpha compilation fixes.
<rth@dot.sfbay.redhat.com>
Don't clear pcb.unique if CLONE_SETTLS is not set.
<torvalds@home.transmeta.com>
Fix mbcache config dependency: if either EXT2 or EXT3 is compiled-in,
mbcache should be too.
<davem@redhat.com>
[PATCH] Fix partitions build failure
Did the changes that created this line actually build for anyone?
:-)
<willy@debian.org>
[PATCH] remove *_segments() dummy functions from all other architectures
A supplement to manfred's patch; remove copy_segments, release_segments
and even forget_segments from all architectures (except x86-64 since
Andi wants to do that seperately):
<dhowells@cambridge.redhat.com>
[PATCH] AFS compile breakage
Fix:
- Makefile using obj-m directly, rather than subsituting the "m"
- compiler breakage against older versions of gcc
- adds some lacking return statements that gcc didn't catch
- removes some 2.4 compatibility stuff
- RTT calculation
- puts the timeouts in terms of HZ rather than assuming HZ==100
<linux@brodo.de>
[PATCH] cpufreq: /proc/sys/cpu and /proc/cpufreq can be used simultaneously
Both the /proc/sys/cpu/ and /proc/cpufreq interface can safely be
enabled in the same kernel. This simplifies the transition to the newer
interface. Only minor updates are needed in order to allow this to be
done.
<torvalds@penguin.transmeta.com>
Linux v2.5.46
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